MMC-ST系列,让飞行变得更简单。
MMC-ST系列,让飞行变得更简单。
  • China's economic development
    Hu Angang was born in 1953. He is one of the pioneers and leading authorities in the realm of Contem...
    field:China's economic development
  • -
    Professor Jin Yong is a specialist in chemical reaction engineering, especially in fluidization reac...
    field:-
  • Xiaobo Lü, Professor of Political Science, joined the Barnard faculty in 1994. In addition to h...
    field:
  • 发布时间: 2014 - 07 - 01
    常见的解决方法是把触控屏幕搭配整合触觉反馈模块,再利用系统底层的互动设计,去改善HMI表现,或透过模拟去达到接近原有实体按键的操作体验,目前虽然整合触觉反馈的行动装置有限,碍于硬件成本可能会因此增加,但随着平板计算机、智能型手机等触控面板持续增大,虚拟键盘应用比例逐渐增加,也会令触按反馈的解决方案使用需求逐步提升。
MMC-ST系列,让飞行变得更简单。
MMC-ST系列,让飞行变得更简单。
MMC-ST系列,让飞行变得更简单。

China Daily|Hu Angang and Li Meng:A Chinese guide to poverty alleviation

Date: 2019-12-05
Browse: 25


消除贫困是2030年国际社会可持续发展目标(SDG)的核心目标,更是最大的发展挑战。2019年诺贝尔经济学奖颁发给三位发展经济学家,表彰他们以田野实验方式在减轻全球贫困方面的理论贡献。而中国创造了人类历史上超大规模的减贫奇迹,在1981-2015年期间,中国减少绝对贫困人口(每人每日支出1.90国际元)8.74亿人,占世界同期减少绝对贫困人口(11.73亿人)的74.5%,对世界减贫做出了巨大贡献。在精准扶贫减贫方略与政策、实践与理论均有重要贡献和国际借鉴。


China Daily|Hu Angang and Li Meng:A Chinese guide to poverty alleviation


文丨胡鞍钢 李萌

胡鞍钢:清华大学国情研究院院长、公共管理学院教授;李萌:清华大学公共管理学院、国情研究院博士

丨China Daily Global 2019-10-31


By Hu Angang and Li Meng | China Daily | Monday, October 31, 2019

Hu Angang is dean of the Institute for Contemporary China Studies and professor of School of Public Policy and Management at Tsinghua University. Li Meng is Ph.D. Institute for Contemporary China Studies, School of Public Policy and Management at Tsinghua University.


Poverty eradication is at the core of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the biggest challenge as well. In 2019, the Nobel Prize in economics was awarded to three development economists for their theoretical contribution to reducing global poverty through field experiments.

China has created the largest scale of poverty alleviation miracle in human history. Over the past four decades, it has pulled some 874 million people out of absolute poverty (surviving on less than $1.9 per person per day). This accounts for 74.5 percent of the world's absolute poverty reduction (1,173 million people) during the same period.

China has made a great contribution to world poverty reduction and its poverty eradication strategies - especially the practices and theories of the Targeted Poverty Alleviation Methods - have critical implications for the world.

China's experiments with poverty alleviation continue. In 2020, China will put an end to thousands of years of absolute poverty. Over the past six years, the number of rural residents living in poverty has reduced from 98.99 million to 16.6 million. The incidence of rural poverty has decreased from 10.2 percent to 1.7 percent.

Altogether, 436 out of 832 poverty-stricken counties have been lifted out of poverty. By the end of this year, 95 percent of the country's poor and 90 percent of the poverty-stricken counties are expected to be lifted out of poverty. In 2020, China will eliminate absolute poverty, build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and take the lead in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals ten years in advance.

Such achievements have contributed Chinese wisdom to global poverty governance. In 2013, President Xi Jinping put forward the theory of Targeted Poverty Alleviation, which became the fundamental strategy for tackling poverty.

Targeted Poverty Alleviation mainly includes "six targets", namely, targeted objects, targeted projects, targeted use of funds, targeted measures for each household, targeted village-based poverty relief cadres and targeted poverty alleviation results.

It also requires the implementation of "five groups of poverty alleviation", poverty alleviation groups through production development, relocation, ecological compensation, education, and social security. Targeted Poverty Alleviation has been an effective strategy for China to pull the remaining impoverished households out of poverty, and also a major innovation in the theory and practice of poverty alleviation.

But key challenges remain.

First, 16.6 million poor people in China still live in extremely poverty-stricken areas. The causes of poverty are complicated and it is difficult to lift them out of poverty.

Second, there are subjective factors, such as difficulties faced by the poor in the process of poverty alleviation, which might impede the progress of poverty alleviation.

Third, even if absolute poverty is completely eliminated, there will still be relative poverty or some households may fall back into poverty. The ability of the poor to be "self-sufficient" needs to be cultivated.

Eliminating absolute poverty is the ultimate goal of poverty alleviation measures. In the face of various subjective and objective causes of poverty, China must further implement the Targeted Poverty Alleviation strategies.

Successful poverty alleviation requires "favorable time, favorable place and harmonious people", in which the most important aspect is the power of the people. In the face of multiple factors of subjective and objective poverty, China must further refine poverty alleviation measures.

First, it is better to teach a person how to fish than to give him/her fish. Poverty alleviation cannot always rely on "giving money". It is necessary to change the old, outmoded production methods and business operations, and promote new technologies, new projects, and new ideas.

Second, poverty alleviation should guarantee the bottom line for the poor and let them dare to try. There should be a more comprehensive insurance mechanism to enhance the fault tolerance rate of the poor, reduce their risk aversion, so they can dare to try.

Third, we should go "hand in hand" to help the poor. The process of poverty alleviation leads to all kinds of unforeseen problems. It is critical to provide sufficient guidance and timely solutions to ensure poverty alleviation programs are successful.

Fourth, poverty alleviation requires aspirations and confidence. There should be a deeper understanding of the difficulties and emotions of the poor from their own perspectives.

Fifth, it is essential to introduce scientific measures, such as commitment mechanism, supervision, and reminding system to help the poor. These measures have proved effective in helping people pursue long-term interests, resist immediate temptation, increase the participation rate and reduce the withdrawal of poverty alleviation projects.

As a large country with a population of about 1.4 billion, China is the most important experimental field for global poverty reduction. Starting as a poverty-stricken country, China has become the world's second-largest economy and is about to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The success of Chinese poverty alleviation measures provides the world with Chinese example, Chinese experience and Chinese strategies for global poverty reduction.





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